基层部队医务人员突发公共卫生事件相关法律知识知晓情况调查

目的了解河南省基层部队卫勤机构医务人员对突发公共卫生事件相关法律知晓情况并探讨影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对基层部队卫勤机构工作人员进行问卷调查。结果医务人员《条例》知晓率为79.0%,突发事件报告时限知晓率72.4%,新规传染病病种知晓率仅38.0%;Logistic回归分析显示影响认知水平的主要因素为性别、文化程度、职业、培训。结论卫勤机构医务人员对突发公共卫生事件相关法律法规认知水平有待提升,重点需要加强女性及低学历水平的医务人员相关法律法规的宣传和培训。     

基于临床决策支持系统与知识库的临床数据中心的研究与应用

临床数据中心作为电子病历（EMR）的重要组成部分,是目前医院信息化建设的重点,也代表着今后医疗信息化应用的一个方向。建设临床数据中心需要有临床决策支持系统与临床知识库的支撑,这也是进一步深化EMR系统功能的需要。本文结合我国医疗信息化建设的发展现状,主要对临床决策支持系统与知识库在数据中心建设中的应用,以及存在的问题进行了分析。     

临床护理人员获得艾滋病防治知识的方式调查

目的通过对临床护士愿意接受的艾滋病相关知识的来源方式进行调查,探讨适合临床需求,可以在临床护士中推广的艾滋病健康教育模式,为艾滋病防控工作提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取不同医院级别、不同科室的450名临床护士进行问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析,并将分析结果与临床护士现实的学习途径进行比较。结果临床护理人员愿意接受的排在前三位的艾滋病知识培训方式是:第一位,医院组织培训活动(57.24%),第二位,专家讲座(12.44%),第三位,宣传材料(7.47%)。结论临床护士希望主要通过医院组织培训、专家讲座获得艾滋病防治知识,与目前护士实际的艾滋病相关知识获得途径不一致。     

太谷县城乡居民癫痫病知识知晓情况调查分析

目的：了解城乡居民对癫痫病知识的知晓情况。方法：以太谷县城市和农村为调查现场,随机抽取294例城区和426例农村居民作为调查对象,采用自行设计的《太谷县百姓癫痫病知识知晓调查问卷》进行问卷调查,问卷现场填写。结果：癫痫发病原因、能否治好、癫痫正规治疗能否控制等癫痫病知识的知晓率城区和农村居民差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.05）。而听说过癫痫、癫痫发作的症状城市和农村居民知晓率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。6种职业对癫痫病正规治疗知识的知晓率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：农村居民对癫痫病知识的知晓情况不如城区居民,6种职业对癫痫病正规治疗知识的知晓情况有差别。     

Australian emergency doctors' and nurses' acceptance and knowledge regarding brain death: a national survey

Healthcare staff's acceptance of brain death (BD) being a valid determination of death is essential for optimized organ and tissue donation (OTD) rates. Recently, resources to increase Australian OTD rates have been aimed at emergency departments (ED) as a significant missed donor potential was discovered. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess Australian ED clinicians' acceptance and knowledge regarding BD. Most (86%) of the 599 medical and 212 nursing staff accepted BD, but only 60% passed a 5-item-validated BD knowledge tool. BD knowledge was related to the acceptance of BD. Accepting BD influenced attitudes toward OTD, including willingness to donate. BD acceptance and knowledge were related to education/training regarding OTD, years of experience in EDs, experience with OTD-related tasks, and increased perceived competence and comfort with OTD-related tasks. Of concern, more than half of respondents who did not pass the BD test reported feeling competent and comfortable explaining BD to next of kin; of respondents who had recent experience with this, more than a third failed the BD test. Despite being generally positive toward OTD, Australian ED clinicians do not have a sound knowledge of BD. This may be hampering efforts to increase donation rates from the ED.     

The presence of resuscitation equipment and influencing factors at General Practitioners’ offices in Denmark: A cross-sectional study

Background

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have proven effective when used by GPs. Despite this and the latest guidelines from the European Resuscitation Council, there are no recommendations for Danish GPs regarding proper equipment to treat cardiac arrest. Currently, there are no published data on the distribution of AEDs among GPs in Denmark.

Aim

To assess the prevalence of resuscitation equipment and educated staff among Danish GPs and the parameters influencing the absence of AEDs at GP offices.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among the 2030 GPs registered in Denmark. Questions concerned demographics, occurrence of resuscitation equipment and attitude towards acquisition of an AED.

Results

With a response rate >70%, we found that the prevalence of AEDs in GP offices is low (31.7%). Limited financial possibilities and relevant treatment by ambulance personnel were stated as the primary causes for not having an AED. In general, Danish primary care physicians believe that AEDs should be governmentally sponsored. Positive influential factors on the acquisition of an AED were education, number of physicians in the GP office and previous experience of cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

Danish primary care physicians are generally not equipped with AEDs despite the proven effect of AEDs in GP offices. The main reasons for not acquiring an AED are financial considerations and believing that response time by ambulance services and nearby health facilities are the optimal treatment. We recommend better education and information in order to facilitate future acquisition of AEDs among GPs.     

Improvement in Smallholder Farmer Knowledge of Cattle Production,Health and Biosecurity in Southern Cambodia between 2008 and 2010

Farmer knowledge surveys were conducted in 2008 and 2010 in Cambodia to evaluate the impact of a research project studying interventions that can improve cattle production and health, including biosecurity and practices relating to risks of transmission of transboundary diseases. The project hypothesis is that by increasing the value of smallholder‐owned large ruminants through nutritional interventions and improved marketing, knowledge‐based interventions including risk management for infectious diseases such as foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) can be implemented into a more sustainable pathway for rural development. Between 2008 and 2010, significant improvements in farmer knowledge and attitudes were recorded in three villages in three provinces of southern Cambodia. This was achieved through participatory ‘applied field research’, ‘on the job’ training plus ‘formal’ training programmes. No cases of FMD were recorded during the study period in the ‘high‐intervention’ (HI) villages despite the common occurrence of the disease in a nearby ‘low‐intervention’ and many other villages in the three provinces. Whilst it is likely that protection of these villages from FMD infection was from increasing the herd immunity by vaccination, it could also have been partly because of a decrease in risk behaviours by farmers as a result of their increasing knowledge of biosecurity. The research indicates that smallholder farmers are motivated by nutritional interventions that improve the value of their cattle ‘bank’ and offer better marketing opportunities. This provides a more receptive environment for introduction of disease risk management for infectious and other production limiting diseases, best implemented for smallholder farmers in Cambodia by intensive training programmes. In lieu of a widespread public awareness programme to deliver mass education of smallholder farmers in disease prevention and biosecurity, livestock development projects in South‐East Asia should be encouraged to include training in disease risk management as an important intervention if the current momentum for trade in large ruminant livestock and large ruminant meat is to continue to progress and contribute to addressing global food security concerns.     

干预图在急性冠脉综合征合并中重度慢性肾病患者中的应用研究

目的 基于干预图制订干预策略,以探讨其对急性冠脉综合征合并中重度慢性肾病患者服药依从性的影响。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年9月—2021年4月温州市某三级甲等医院心内科收治的101例急性冠脉综合征合并中重度慢性肾病患者作为研究对象,随机分为试验组与对照组。试验组采用干预图制订的用药干预策略,对照组采用常规用药策略。比较两组的服药依从性、生活质量和因心血管事件再住院情况。 结果 共有97例患者完成研究,试验组48例,对照组49例。出院时和出院1个月,两组的服药依从性评分和36条简明健康状况调查量表总分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,出院3个月和出院6个月时,两组的服药依从性评分和36条简明健康状况调查量表总分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组出院后6个月因心血管事件再住院率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且Cox比例风险模型显示,试验组再住院风险相对较低（HR=0.430,95%CI为0.187~0.990）。 结论 采用干预图制订的用药干预策略可提高急性冠脉综合征合并中重度慢性肾病患者的服药依从性,提升其生活质量,改善其临床预后。     

上海市医务人员新冠肺炎的消毒知晓情况调查

目的了解上海市医务人员对新冠肺炎消毒相关知识知晓情况。方法通过问卷调查,收集上海市医务人员社会人口学信息及消毒相关知识知晓情况,通过Logistic回归模型分析影响其知晓的因素。结果本次调查共纳入研究对象1426人,三级医院人员占37.66%,社区医院人员占37.10%;护士占58.41%,公卫医生占11.71%,临床医生占10.80%。消毒知识平均得分为(60.62±22.74)分,80分及以上占26.09%。与民营医院医务人员相比,三甲医院和社区医院医务人员知晓率更高(P<0.001);与临床医生相比,公卫医生知晓率更高(P=0.026)。结论上海市医务人员对常用消毒剂及消毒方式等部分消毒相关知识知晓率较高,但总体知晓率仍较低,特别是对过度消毒、常量喷雾器消毒对象等知识存在认知误区;影响知晓的主要因素为医院等级和职业类型。